THE PALACE OF MURLO
The elaborate decorations of the palace at Murlo reveal some of its functions and much of the same ethos al¬ready seen in tombs and in grave goods. The builders of the palace adorned walls and rooflines with elaborate terra¬cotta sculptures and friezes, some depicting human and divine figures and real or mythical animals, and others representing banquets, processions, horse races, and groups of warriors marching behind leaders in chariots— all prominent forms of elite behavior and display. Certain scenes show standing and seated human figures apparently engaged in some ceremony or public business, and one carries a special curved staff or lituus that would serve in Etruria and Latium as a symbol of office for nearly a thousand years.
The ways in which the palace at Murlo was used are not entirely clear. It may have served as a residence for a ruler or for the leading family in the town. Certainly, some of the ceremonial activities depicted in the friezes must have taken place within its courtyard. Fragments of fine pottery attest to banquets and symposia. The presence of a shrine indicates that religious rites were performed in the palace too; the Regia at Rome also possessed shrines to several gods. Possibly the ruler held court there in the presence of his followers and the lead¬ers of other prominent lineages. Thus, it may have been the regular site of feasts, religious ceremonies, and small-scale political meetings.
Slightly later, the ruling families in many of the emerging cities began to establish larger and more elaborate meeting places for the residents of their cities. Structures like Murlo could have accommodated relatively few participants and observers. In later periods, the leaders of cities regularly gathered the citizens in public assemblies to announce political decisions and to mobilize popular support for them. Leaders also staged elaborate public and ceremonial displays of their status and of their public roles. In these ceremonies, religious rituals addressed to the gods of the city often played a prominent part, for the performance of such rites also emphasized the leading role of the elite families that dominated civic life. Largescale gatherings of the residents of a community, and the rituals that often accompanied them, served as a visual sign of the increasing unity of the city-state. In this connection, the governing elites of many emerging city-states established well defined public spaces together with temples and shrines surrounding them to serve as the stage for their activities and the center of such limited government as these communities possessed.
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